Thinking

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 Thinking in simple words is creating words and ideas inside your own head. Thinking is manipulating information as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving reason and make decisions. It produces thoughts. A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound or even an emotional feeling.





Features 


  • Important aspects of one’s cognitive behavior 
  • Depends on both perception and memory 
  • It is a mental process which starts with a problem and ends with a solution 
  • It is different from daydreaming and imagination 
  • It is a symbolic activity 
  • It is a mental exploration instead of motor exploration. For example: if a person is locked in a room and loses his keys, he will start searching for them in different places...this is motor exploration. If he tries to think of different ways of how to get out of room is mental exploration.
Types 
  • Convergent thinking is a process of thinking which focuses on coming up with the single well established answer to a problem.

  • Divergent thinking involves breaking a topic into various component parts in order to gain insight about the various aspects of the topic.

  • Abstract thinking is the ability to use concepts and to make and understand generalization such as properties, patterns etc.

  • Concrete thinking is characterised by a predominance of actual objects and events and the absence of concepts and generalization.


  • Reflecting thinking is the process of analyzing and making judgments about what has happened.


  • Inductive thinking means if there is a data then conclusion is drawn from the data. Even if all the statement is true the conclusion can be false.

  • Deductive thinking is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion. For example: A is B; B is C; then A is C also. 









six major thinking skills

1. Knowledge:  remembering or recalling appropriate previously learned information to draw out factual answers.

2. Comprehension: involves grasping or understanding the meaning of informational materials.

3. Application: applying previously learned information to new and unfamiliar situations.

4. Analysis: involves breaking down information into parts or examining information.

5. Synthesis: involves applying prior knowledge & skills to combine elements into a pattern not clearly there before.

6. Evaluation: involves judging or deciding according to some set of criteria, without real right or wrong answers.






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